اسفندیاری، رجب. (1398). سواد دیجیتالی معلمان زبان انگلیسی در محیطهای آموزشی ایران: ضرورت حرفهایسازی معلمان در دنیای دیجیتال. پژوهشهای زبانشناختی در زبانهای خارجی (پژوهش زبانهای خارجی)، 9 (3)، 691-720. https://sid.ir/paper/218644/fa
کهریزی، کلثوم؛ تقوا، محمدرضا و نظری، سمیرا. (1398). بررسی وضعیت سواد رایانهای دبیران مقطع متوسطه اول. توسعه حرفهای معلم، 4(2 (پیاپی 12))، 15-27. https://sid.ir/paper/269618/fa
Afifi, N. (2025). Digital Literacy in Teaching English for Young Learners: A Critical Research Review.
EduLine: Journal of Education and Learning Innovation,
5(1), 14-20.
https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.eduline3320
Alnajim, A. (2023). Transformation of education system in Saudi Arabia through Artificial intelligence Available at SSRN:
https://ssrn.com/abstract=4362152 or
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4362152.
Angeli, C., & Valanides, N. (2009). Epistemological and methodological issues for the conceptualization, development, and assessment of ICT–TPCK: Advances in technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK).
Computers & Education, 52(1), 154–168.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2008.07.006
Argüelles-Cruz, A. J., García-Peñalvo, F. J., & Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. (2021). Education in Latin America: Toward the digital transformation in universities. In
Radical solutions for digital transformation in Latin American Universities: artificial intelligence and technology 4.0 in higher education (pp. 93-108). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3941-8_6
Berezi, I. U. (2025). Virtual learning environment: Redefining higher educational delivery for efficiency and accessibility.
International Journal of Educational Management, Rivers State University.,
1(1), 451-467.
https://ijedm.com/index.php/ijedm/article/view/38
Castro Benavides, L. M., Tamayo Arias, J. A., & Burgos, D. (2021). Behavior Analysis of Digital Transformation in Latin American and Colombian Universities, Based on a General Identification of Variables. In
Radical Solutions for Digital Transformation in Latin American Universities: Artificial Intelligence and Technology 4.0 in Higher Education (pp. 129-156). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3941-8_8
Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. (2013). Removing obstacles to the pedagogical changes required by Jonassen's vision of authentic technology-enabled learning.
Computers & education,
64, 175-182.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.008
Esfandiari, R. (2019). Iranian EFL Teachers’ Digital Literacy in Academic Settings: Teacher Professionalism in the Digital Age.
Journal of Foreign Language Research,
9(3), 691-720.
https://doi.org/10.22059/jflr.2019.266987.556 [In Persian]
Gebremedhin, M. A., & Fenta, A. A. (2015). Assessing Teachers' Perception on Integrating ICT in Teaching-Learning Process: The Case of Adwa College.
Journal of Education and Practice,
6(4), 114-124.
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1083759
Govender, I. (2025). Digital literacy and STEM skills–What is the connection? A systematic review.
Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 1-22.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-025-09879-x
Gupta, S. K., Alemran, A., Basha, U. S., Zakari, A. I., Kim, S., Boddu, R. S. K., & Vohra, S. K. (2025). Revolutionizing the way students learn photographic arts through experiential education using AI and AR systems.
Scientific Reports,
15(1), 40705.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-24415-8
Hosaini, H., Tetikay, R., Sulaiman, S., & Al-Amin. (2025). Educational transformation: Strengthening the foundation of digital intelligence in the education system.
International Journal of Teaching and Learning (INJOTEL),
3(5), 476–489.
https://injoqast.net/index.php/INJOTEL/article/view/127
Kahrizi, K., Taghva, M., & Nazari, S. (2019). Studying the computer literacy status of high school teachers (Level 1). Teacher Professional Development, 4 (2), 15-27. [In Persian]
Liu, G. (2025). To transform or not to transform? Understanding the digital literacies of rural lower-class EFL learners.
Journal of Language, Identity & Education,
24(4), 928-945.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2023.2236217
Liu, G. L. (2025). Digital empowerment for rural migrant students in China: Identity, investment, and digital literacies beyond the classroom.
ReCALL,
37(2), 215-231.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344024000302
Luckin, R. (2025). Nurturing human intelligence in the age of AI: rethinking education for the future.
Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal,
39(1), 1-4.
https://doi.org/10.1108/DLO-04-2024-0108
Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge.
Teachers college record,
108(6), 1017-1054.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x
Okot, T. (2025). Integrating artificial intelligence and public educational reforms: Advancing Education 4.0 in Costa Rica. In
Transforming Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics With AI (pp. 393-432). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9894-4.ch013
Schmidt, D. A., Baran, E., Thompson, A. D., Mishra, P., Koehler, M. J., & Shin, T. S. (2009). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): The Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument for Preservice Teachers.
Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(2), 123–149.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2009.10782544
Son, J. B., Robb, T., & Charismiadji, I. (2011). Computer literacy and competency: A survey of Indonesian teachers of English as a foreign language.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal,
12(1), 26-42.
http://callej.org/journal/12-1/Son_2011.pdf
Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed) New York. NY: Allyn and Bacon.
Voogt, J., Fisser, P., Roblin, N. P., Tondeur, J., & van Braak, J. (2013). Technological pedagogical content knowledge – a review of the literature.
Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(2), 109–121.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2012.00487.x
Weintrop, D., Israel-Fishelson, R., & Gardner-McCune, C. (2025). Emerging computational and digital literacies in K-12 Education.
International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction,
43, 100707.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2024.100707
William, A. B., Hayes, D., & Freire, R. (2025). Digital Literacy in the classroom: Exploring the effects of technology integration on literacy skills in Philippine elementary schools. January.